"I don’t really want my business to have higher profits," said no entrepreneur ever.
For most business owners, their main objective is to bring in as much revenue as possible and to increase the earning potential of their business over time. While having a solid understanding of how much money your company is bringing in is important, revenue values alone don’t provide enough information to help you gauge the health and growth potential of your small business.
To gain a solid understanding of your company’s bottom line, the profit margin is an essential data point. Profit margin measures what percentage of your company’s net income comes from sales. Because this figure also factors in your business expenses, it measures how well your company is able to manage expenses relative to sales.
Use the following formula to calculate the profit margin for your business.
Let’s break down the variables of this equation further.
- Net income — To find net income, subtract total expenses from total revenue.
- Net sales — Calculate net sales by subtracting total returns or refunds from total sales.
The numbers needed to calculate these values can all be found on your company’s balance sheet. Here’s an example.
An entrepreneur with a boutique baking business selling specialty cookies made $100,000 in gross sales in one year. The company issued $5,000 in refunds, bringing their net sales to $95,000 for the year. This same year, the company had $70,000 in expenses bringing net income to $30,000.
With these values, here is how we calculate the profit margin for the boutique baking company:
Profit Margin = $30,000 / $95,000 x 100 = 31.5%
The profit margin we calculated tells us the boutique baking business was able to convert 31.5% of sales into profit. While this is a fairly straightforward example, profit margin values and complexity can vary depending on the company because costs can vary greatly.
Here are two types of profit margin calculations that may be helpful for small businesses.
1. Gross profit margin
This variation of the profit margin equation calculates how much profit your company has after accounting for the cost of goods sold.
Cost of goods sold includes direct expenses related to the production and sale of your company’s product. This value does not include non-operating expenses.
Use this equation to calculate gross profit margin:
Gross Profit Margin = (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue
For example, let’s say your company earned $2,000,000 in revenue this year. The total costs related to your product were $650,000 for the year. Here’s how you would calculate gross profit margin:
Gross Profit Margin = ($2,000,000 - $650,000) / $2,000,000 = 67.5%
Ideally, your company’s gross profit margin should be high enough to cover your operating costs allowing some profit to be leftover. Any additional funds can be used for other expenses such as dividend payments or marketing collateral.
This value can also be helpful for calculating the profit margin of a specific product or offering, instead of finding the margin for the company as a whole. To calculate the gross profit margin of a specific product, use the revenue earned from sales of the product, and the costs related to the production of the product.
2. Net profit margin
Net profit margin calculates how much of your total revenue is profit. Instead of accounting for just the direct cost of creating and selling a product like gross profit margin, net profit margin accounts for all expenses.
Use this equation to calculate net profit margin:
Net Profit Margin = (Total Revenue - Total Expenses) / Total Revenue
For example, if your business earns $2 million in revenue, and has $1,500,000 in total expenses, you can calculate your net profit margin as:
Net Profit Margin = ($2,000,000 - $1,500,000) / $2,000,000 = 25%
For many businesses, it is expected to have a net profit margin that is lower than your gross profit margin. This is due to the addition of non-operating expenses. If you find your net profit margin is lower than you would like, or lower than what is needed for the health of your business, you can look for ways to reduce your costs — which is an easier variable to control than trying to drastically increase revenue in a short amount of time.
What Is a Good Profit Margin?
It is important to note that there is no single profit margin number that separates a good profit margin from a bad profit margin. In fact, how good your company’s profit margin is largely depends on your industry.
In 2019, commercial leasing companies had some of the highest reported profit margins, with an average of nearly 50%. On the other hand, manufacturing companies had an average profit margin of only 10%. This is likely due to the higher costs for materials and labor compared to commercial leasing, which tends to have lower operating costs. When trying to gauge how well your company is performing based on profit margins, look to the average profit margins for your industry.
Additionally, the maturity of your business also plays a role. For new and scaling companies, costs tend to be higher which can lead to lower profit margins compared to more established companies.
Understanding your company’s profit margin is an important indicator of how well your business is doing. Check out this post to learn accounting basics to better understand the financial health of your company.
